8,992 research outputs found
Localized modes of binary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates in nonlinear optical lattices
The properties of the localized states of a two component Bose-Einstein
condensate confined in a nonlinear periodic potential [nonlinear optical
lattice] are investigated. We reveal the existence of new types of solitons and
study their stability by means of analytical and numerical approaches. The
symmetry properties of the localized states with respect to the NOL are also
investigated. We show that nonlinear optical lattices allow the existence of
bright soliton modes with equal symmetry in both components, bright localized
modes of mixed symmetry type, as well as, dark-bright bound states and bright
modes on periodic backgrounds. In spite of the quasi 1D nature of the problem,
the fundamental symmetric localized modes undergo a delocalizing transition
when the strength of the nonlinear optical lattice is varied. This transition
is associated with the existence of an unstable solution, which exhibits a
shrinking (decaying) behavior for slightly overcritical (undercritical)
variations in the number of atoms.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure
Quantum-tunneling dynamics of a spin-polarized Fermi gas in a double-well potential
We study the exact dynamics of a one-dimensional spin-polarized gas of
fermions in a double-well potential at zero and finite temperature. Despite the
system is made of non-interacting fermions, its dynamics can be quite complex,
showing strongly aperiodic spatio-temporal patterns during the tunneling. The
extension of these results to the case of mixtures of spin-polarized fermions
in interaction with self-trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at zero
temperature is considered as well. In this case we show that the fermionic
dynamics remains qualitatively similar to the one observed in absence of BEC
but with the Rabi frequencies of fermionic excited states explicitly depending
on the number of bosons and on the boson-fermion interaction strength. From
this, the possibility to control quantum fermionic dynamics by means of
Feshbach resonances is suggested.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Soliton ratchets induced by ac forces with harmonic mixing
The ratchet dynamics of a kink (topological soliton) of a dissipative
sine-Gordon equation in the presence of ac forces with harmonic mixing (at
least bi-harmonic) of zero mean is studied. The dependence of the kink mean
velocity on system parameters is investigated numerically and the results are
compared with a perturbation analysis based on a point particle representation
of the soliton. We find that first order perturbative calculations lead to
incomplete descriptions, due to the important role played by the soliton-phonon
interaction in establishing the phenomenon. The role played by the temporal
symmetry of the system in establishing soliton ratchets is also emphasized. In
particular, we show the existence of an asymmetric internal mode on the kink
profile which couples to the kink translational mode through the damping in the
system. Effective soliton transport is achieved when the internal mode and the
external force get phase locked. We find that for kinks driven by bi-harmonic
drivers consisting of the superposition of a fundamental driver with its first
odd harmonic, the transport arises only due to this {\it internal mode}
mechanism, while for bi-harmonic drivers with even harmonic superposition, also
a point-particle contribution to the drift velocity is present. The phenomenon
is robust enough to survive the presence of thermal noise in the system and can
lead to several interesting physical applications.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure
Matter-wave 2D solitons in crossed linear and nonlinear optical lattices
It is demonstrated the existence of multidimensional matter-wave solitons in
a crossed optical lattice (OL) with linear OL in the direction and
nonlinear OL (NOL) in the direction, where the NOL can be generated by a
periodic spatial modulation of the scattering length using an optically induced
Feshbach resonance. In particular, we show that such crossed linear and
nonlinear OL allows to stabilize two-dimensional (2D) solitons against decay or
collapse for both attractive and repulsive interactions. The solutions for the
soliton stability are investigated analytically, by using a multi-Gaussian
variational approach (VA), with the Vakhitov-Kolokolov (VK) necessary criterion
for stability; and numerically, by using the relaxation method and direct
numerical time integrations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). Very good
agreement of the results corresponding to both treatments is observed.Comment: 8 pages (two-column format), with 16 eps-files of 4 figure
A Study of the Differences between Classrooms Using a Meaning-Centered Approach and a Code-Centered Approach in the First Year Implementation of the California English-Language Arts Framework
The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine how a meaning-centered approach versus a code-centered approach affects student performance: (a) in the teaching of language arts; (b) in regular education classrooms containing low achieving, low socio-economic, multi-ethnic, and learning handicapped students; (c) in grades one, three and six; and (d) in the first year implementation of the California English-Language Arts Framework. This study focused on three interrelated dimensions of organizational change which are linked to student performance: curriculum materials, teacher behaviors, and organizational change processes. Eight research questions guided the examination of qualitative and quantitative data originating from teacher and principal interviews, teacher questionnaires, teacher meeting observations, classroom observations, and standardized test scores in language arts and reading of the student sample population, the school and the district. Some of the findings indicated that: 1. New language arts curriculum materials generated motivation and excitement. 2. Teachers continued to supplement the prescribed curriculum with materials they had previously found to be effective. 3. Students who received opportunities to use both a systematic skill program and inventive spelling appeared to reflect the greatest improvement in the subject of spelling on standardized tests. 4. Of the 11 instructional practices identified for examination, three practices consistently appeared to influence student performance: (a) instruction in both a systematic skill program and in an integrated literature program; (b) hearing literature read daily; (c) and daily writing activities. 5. Observations indicated that teachers\u27 instructional behaviors did not focus on transference of learning through the use of guided practice, generalization, or independent practice. 6. Teachers\u27 estimations of students\u27 progress seemed to correlate with achievement test results. 7. The percentage of multi-ethnic, low socio-economic, low achievement, and learning handicapped students in classrooms did not appear to make a difference in student performance. 8. There appeared to be a limited focus on minority languages and cultures in the curriculum materials and in classroom cooperative discussions. 9. The types of openness and bonding behaviors observed among organizational members did not appear to be effective in bringing about changes in teacher behaviors which would lead to better student performance. 10. Teachers\u27 degree of commitment to the language arts philosophy seemed to depend upon the level of achievement of their students on end of year standardized tests. 11. Reform implementation requires a revised focus on transformational leadership and organizational change processes. One recommendation emerging from this study is that organizations seeking to change must provide training and development which support the change process through demonstration, modeling, practice, correction, teaching, feedback, sharing and coaching in a collegial fashion. This study concludes with a series of implications, recommendations, and suggestions for further research which are needed to create change in literacy instructional practices
Thermal conductance of pressed aluminum and stainless steel contacts at liquid helium temperatures
The thermal conductance of aluminum and stainless steel 304 sample pairs with surface finishes ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 microns rms roughness was investigated over a temperature range from 1.6 to 6.0 k. The thermal conductance follows a simple power law function of temperature, with the exponent ranging from 0.5 to 2.25, increases asymptotically with increasing applied force, and exhibits an anomaly for surface finishes in the 0.4 micron region
Hypergeometric decomposition of symmetric K3 quartic pencils
We study the hypergeometric functions associated to five one-parameter
deformations of Delsarte K3 quartic hypersurfaces in projective space. We
compute all of their Picard--Fuchs differential equations; we count points
using Gauss sums and rewrite this in terms of finite field hypergeometric sums;
then we match up each differential equation to a factor of the zeta function,
and we write this in terms of global L-functions. This computation gives a
complete, explicit description of the motives for these pencils in terms of
hypergeometric motives.Comment: 70 pages, minor revision, to appear in Research in the Mathematical
Science
Compactons in Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Lattices with Strong Nonlinearity Management
The existence of compactons in the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation
in the presence of fast periodic time modulations of the nonlinearity is
demonstrated. In the averaged DNLS equation the resulting effective inter-well
tunneling depends on modulation parameters {\it and} on the field amplitude.
This introduces nonlinear dispersion in the system and can lead to a
prototypical realization of single- or multi-site stable discrete compactons in
nonlinear optical waveguide and BEC arrays. These structures can dynamically
arise out of Gaussian or compactly supported initial data.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
- …